Naar inhoud springen

Schaken voor beginners/Tactiek

Uit Wikibooks

Dit boek is in ontwikkeling. Volg de wijzigingen door bij elk hoofdstuk op de ster te klikken of gebruik de toetscombinatie [alt+shift+w].

Positie

[bewerken]

Ruil

[bewerken]

Een ruil betekent dat wanneer je een stuk slaat, je zelf het slaande stuk verliest. Dat kan gunstig zijn als het geruilde stuk meer waarde heeft of je eigen positie door de ruil verbeterd. Je kunt met een ruil bijvoorbeeld een remise afdwingen terwijl je op verlies staat. Of je kunt een aanval van een tegenstander met een ruil afslaan of je eigen aanval kracht bij zetten door een verdedigende stuk van de tegenstander weg te nemen. Andere positionele voordelen die een ruil opleveren zijn meer ruimte om te bewegen of het versterken van de eigen pionnenstructuur of het juist verzwakken van die van de tegenstander.

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king1
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Zwart aan zet

Hoe kan zwart een ruil afdwingen die hem een stuk met meer waarde oplevert?

Oplossing

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king1
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Door de schaak moet de koning aan de kant en kan de toren worden geruild voor de loper



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8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king1
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Wit aan zet

Hoe kan wit op achterstand toch een remise afdwingen ?

Oplossing

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king1
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Ruil de torens!
  1. Re3xe6 Kd7xe6

Door de ruil van de torens heeft zwart geen mogelijkheid meer met alleen de loper over om de witte koning schaakmat te zetten.

Offer

[bewerken]

Bij een offer ruil je niet een stuk in voor een ander stuk, maar voor een ander voordeel. Een voorbeeld hiervan is de verderop besproken gambiet.

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black knight3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king1
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Zwart aan zet

Hoe kan zwart door een offer de partij winnen?

Oplossing

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8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black knight3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} white king1
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Zwart offert de dame
  1. ... Qg1+ (wit heeft geen keuze)
  2. Rxg1 Nf2#

De toren beperkt de bewegingsruimte van de witte koning en zo krijg je een stikmat door het zwarte paard.

Batterij

[bewerken]

Als meerdere stukken van dezelfde speler elkaar versterken in het beheersen van een lijn, rij of diagonaal dan vormen ze een batterij.

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8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king1
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Alekhine vs. Nimzowitsch, 1930

Hoe kan wit in de volgende zet een ultieme batterij creëren?

Oplossing

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8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king1
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Deze stelling staat bekend als Alekhine's gun

Zwischenzug

[bewerken]

Een zwischenzug is een tussendoor zet of tussenzet die je logischerwijs niet verwacht, maar meer voordeel oplevert dan direct de meest logische zet te doen.

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8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} white pawn3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king1
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Wit aan zet

Wat is de logische zet te doen? En wat is als tussenzet beter om eerst te doen?

Oplossing

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8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} white pawn3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king1
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Tussenschaak

De eerste neiging zou zijn om met de dame de toren op h4 te pakken, maar de volgende combinatie (het geven van een tussenschaak) levert een toren extra op

  1. Qd8+! Kh7
  2. Qxh4+ Kg8
  3. Qxg3

Gambiet

[bewerken]

Een gambiet of gambit is iets waar beginners extra waakzaam op dienen te zijn, omdat ze vaak verblind door het offer de tegenstander in staat stellen een ontwikkelingsvoorsprong te nemen.

h g f e d c b a
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} white rook1
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
8{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black rook8
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Felbecker Gambit Trap

Deze opstelling ontstond na de volgende zetten:

  1. d4 e5
  2. dxe5 Bc5
  3. Nf3 d6
  4. exd6 Ne7

Is het tweede offer een foutje van zwart?

Oplossing

h g f e d c b a
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} white rook1
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
8{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black rook8
h g f e d c b a
Als wit het offer neemt verliest ze haar koningin
  1. dxe7 Bf2!
  2. Kxf2 Dxd1

Pionnenstructuur

[bewerken]

Een belangrijke tactische overweging bij het schaken is de positie van de pionnen. Men kan de volgende zaken in ogenschouw nemen daarbij:

  • Open centrum: Dit is het geval als er geen centrale pionnen (op de d- en e-lijn) zijn. Als het centrum open is, dus er meer ruimte in het centrum is, dan is er over het algemeen meer bewegingsvrijheid van de schaakstukken. Wat is het voordeel van een open spel?

Oplossing

Een open centrum heeft een positioneel voordeel is als de bewegingsvrijheid vooral je eigen schaakstukken betreft en/of je meer thuis voelt bij een actief spel.
  • Gesloten centrum: Het omgekeerde van het open centrum, het centrum is door pionnen bezet. Wat is het voordeel van een gesloten centrum?

Oplossing

Een gesloten centrum heeft een positioneel voordeel als hierdoor vooral de bewegingsvrijheid van je tegenstander wordt beperkt en/of je meer thuis voelt bij een positioneel en verdedigend spel.
  • Open lijn: Dit is het geval als er op een lijn geen enkele pionnen staan. Wat is het voordeel van een open lijn?

Oplossing

Een open lijn heeft een positioneel voordeel voor met name torens die zich daar langs onbeperkt kunnen bewegen als sterk stuk.
  • Open diagonaal: Dit is het geval als er op een diagonaal geen enkele pionnen staan. Wat is het voordeel van een open diagonaal?

Oplossing

Een open diagonaal heeft een positioneel voordeel voor met name lopers die zich daar langs onbeperkt kunnen bewegen.
  • Voorpost: Een veld van de tegenstander die niet kan worden aangevallen (meer) door diens pionnen (dus achter diens pionnen ligt). Welk stuk kan een voorpost eenvoudig benutten?

Oplossing

Een paard kan ongehinderd over de pionnen van de tegenstander heen springen om erachter te komen en zo een voorpost bereiken.
  • Pionnenketen: Een pionnenketen is een reeks pionnen die zo zijn verbonden dat een pion uit die keten wordt beschermd door een pion erachter, uitgezonderd de achterste. Een pionnenstructuur wordt gezien als een sterke positie voor een pion mits deze niet de achterste is. Wanneer kan een pion niet meer onderdeel zijn van een keten?

Oplossing

Een geïsoleerde pion is een pion die geen pionnen van zijn eigen kleur op aangrenzende lijnen heeft.

Aanval

[bewerken]

We spreken van een pin (penning in het Nederlands) als een stuk niet kan bewegen zonder een belangrijker stuk bloot te stellen aan een aanval. Als dit belangrijker stuk de koning is spreken we van een absolute pin, omdat het stuk niet mag bewegen (je mag geen schaak op je eigen koning creëren).

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king1
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Absolute pin

Hoe kan zwart de toren winnen?

Oplossing

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king1
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De toren kan niet bewegen en zelfs niet worden gedekt

Aftrekaanval

[bewerken]

Een aftrekaanval of discovered attack kan een winnende positie alsnog keren.

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king1
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Springaren - S. Belokon - 1965 - Wit wint

Hoe keert wit de partij?

Oplossing

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8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king1
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Wit hoeft alleen een aftrekaanval op te zetten en zwart verliest uiteindelijk
  1. Rc7 b1=Q
  2. Ba2+ Kf8
  3. Rf7+ Kg8
  4. Rf2+ Qxa2
  5. Rxa2

Vork

[bewerken]

Een vork is een aanval van één eigen stuk op meerdere stukken van de tegenstander tegelijk. Indien deze stukken niet beide gedekt zijn of van grotere waarde dan het aanvallende stuk, dan kan de vork leiden tot een voordeel.

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook1
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Hoe kan wit aan zet een voordeel halen?

Oplossing

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8{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook1
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Wit ruilt minimaal een toren voor een paard door deze paardvork.
a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook1
a b c d e f g h
Hoe kan wit aan zet een voordeel halen?

Oplossing

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook1
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Deze vork noemt men een familieschaak en verovert de zwarte koningin

Mat achter de paaltjes

[bewerken]

Mat achter de paaltjes of de back-rank checkmate is een valkuil waar beginners vaak intrappen. Let op, dit principe van een schaakmat kan ook verticaal ontstaan.

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king1
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Schakend Nederland - I. Krekheli - 1986 - Wit wint

Hoe wint wit de Koningin of zet zwart schaakmat?

Oplossing

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8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook3
2{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king1
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Door de batterij van loper en toren dwingen ze door een aanval op de Koningin deze uiteindelijk de loper op g7 te pakken of de Koningin gaat zelf verloren
  1. Rd3 (we vallen en de Koningin aan en we dreigen op h3 met schaakmat
    ... Qa7+
  2. Bd4 (we houden de dubbele dreiging aan)
    ... Qd7 (probeert het h3 veld te beschermen en de loper aan te vallen
  3. Bg7+ (beste is voor zwart Kxg7 maar dan verliest ie wel de Koningin)
    ... Qx97
  4. Rxd7+

Röntgenaanval

[bewerken]

Het omgekeerde van een pin is de röntgenaanval. Terwijl bij een pin het stuk dat het aangevallen stuk afschermt belangrijker is, is dat in dit geval andersom.

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king1
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Röntgenaanval

Hoe kan wit aan zet een groot voordeel behalen?

Oplossing

a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
6{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn2
1{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white rook{{{square}}} white king{{{square}}} black king1
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De koning moet na de schaak opzij
  1. Rh1e1 Kf8

En toren kan met de koningin ruilen.



a b c d e f g h
8{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black bishop{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black rook{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king8
7{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black pawn7
6{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king6
5{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white knight{{{square}}} black king5
4{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king4
3{{{square}}} white queen{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king3
2{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} white pawn{{{square}}} black king{{{square}}} black king