Engels/Tenses
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[bewerken] Wat zijn Tenses?
Tenses betekent "tijden". We gebruiken de tijden (tenses) om aan te geven wanneer iets plaats vindt (present), vond (past) of zal vinden (future). Door de hoeveelheid verschillende tenses in het engels zijn deze redelijk ingewikkeld (10 in de actieve vorm en 10 in de passieve vorm). Het vergt dan ook enige oefening voor men de verschillende tenses onder de knie heeft.
[bewerken] Wanneer welke Tense gebruiken?
De naam van een Tense is opgebouwd uit:
- de tijdsperiode (Time) waarin alles zich afspeelt:
- future (toekomst)
- present (heden)
- present perfect (tot nu toe) - deze tijdsperiode zorgt voor Nederlandstaligen voor de meeste verwarring.
- past (verleden)
- past perfect (vroeger verleden)
- de functie: het Engels maakt een onderscheid tussen simple en continuous:
- simple tenses drukken feiten of gewoontes uit (statisch, constant)
- continuous tenses drukken een aan de gang zijnde actie uit of leggen de nadruk op het tijdelijke aspect.
[bewerken] Hoe worden Tenses gevormd?
Om de Tenses te vormen, gebruikt het Engels 5 basisvormen:
- infinitive
- ing-form of gerund
- s-form
- past form
- past participle
[bewerken] Overzicht
| Tenses | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Time | Tense | Form | Example |
| Future | Future Simple | will + infinitive | I will walk. |
| Future Continuous | will be + ing-form | I will be walking. | |
| Other future forms (see overview) |
be + ing-form (=present continuous) be going to + infinitive |
I am walking. I am going to walk. |
|
| Present (now) |
Present Simple |
affirmative: conjugation | I walk. |
| negative: don't/doesn't + infinitive | I don't walk. | ||
| question: do/does + infinitive | Do you walk? | ||
| Present Continuous |
to be + ing-form | I am walking. | |
| Present Perfect (up to now) |
Present Perfect Simple |
have/has + past participle | I have walked. |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
have/has been + ing-form | I have been walking. | |
| Past (now) |
Past Simple |
affirmative: past form | I walked. |
| negative: didn't + infinitive | I didn't walk. | ||
| question: did + infinitive | Did I walk? | ||
| Past Continuous |
was/were + ing-form | I was walking. | |
| Past Perfect (earlier past) |
Past Perfect Simple |
had + past participle | I had walked. |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
had been + ing-form | I had been walking. | |
[bewerken] Irregular Verbs - Onregelmatige Werkwoorden
| Irregular Verbs | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present/Infinitive | Past | Past Participle |
| be | was/were | been |
| become | became | become |
| begin | began | begun |
| blow | blew | blown |
| break | broke | broken |
| bring | brought | brought |
| build | built | built |
| burst | burst | burst |
| buy | bought | bought |
| catch | caught | caught |
| choose | chose | chosen |
| come | came | come |
| cut | cut | cut |
| deal | dealt | dealt |
| do | did | done |
| drink | drank | drunk |
| drive | drove | driven |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| fall | fell | fallen |
| feed | fed | fed |
| feel | felt | felt |
| fight | fought | fought |
| find | found | found |
| fly | flew | flown |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| forget | forgot | forgotten |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| freeze | froze | frozen |
| get | got | gotten |
| give | gave | given |
| go | went | gone |
| grow | grew | grown |
| have | had | had |
| hear | heard | heard |
| hide | hid | hidden |
| hold | held | held |
| hurt | hurt | hurt |
| keep | kept | kept |
| know | knew | known |
| lay | laid | laid |
| lead | led | led |
| leave | left | left |
| let | let | let |
| lie | lay | lain |
| lose | lost | lost |
| make | made | made |
| meet | met | met |
| pay | paid | paid |
| quit | quit | quit |
| read | read | read |
| ride | rode | ridden |
| ring | rang | rung |
| rise | rose | risen |
| run | ran | run |
| say | said | said |
| see | saw | seen |
| seek | sought | sought |
| sell | sold | sold |
| send | sent | sent |
| shake | shook | shaken |
| shine | shone | shone |
| sing | sang | sung |
| sit | sat | sat |
| sleep | slept | slept |
| speak | spoke | spoken |
| spend | spent | spent |
| spring | sprang | sprung |
| stand | stood | stood |
| steal | stole | stolen |
| swim | swam | swum |
| swing | swung | swung |
| take | took | taken |
| teach | taught | taught |
| tear | tore | torn |
| tell | told | told |
| think | thought | thought |
| throw | threw | thrown |
| understand | understood | understood |
| wake | woke | woken |
| wear | wore | worn |
| win | won | won |
| write | wrote | written |
 |
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